4.1  A grade of D or higher is required for passing each subject. A grade of F, AF, or XF is a failing grade. A student must (required courses) or may (elective courses) earn credit in a course in which the student has previously received a failing grade by re-registering for the course, meeting the attendance requirements, meeting all of the course requirements, and receiving a passing grade in the course.

4.2  A passing grade received in a course the student has re-registered for pursuant to rule 4.1 shall replace the earlier failing grade (F, AF, XF or UN) for the purpose of computing the student's cumulative grade point average and for the purpose of determining compliance with any of these academic rules (except for purposes fo Rule 2.2). The failing grade shall remain on the student's academic transcript.

4.3  A grade of XF will be entered in the event of a failure to take an examination in a course for which a student is registered and from which the student has not withdrawn.

4.4  A grade of XF will be entered in the event of an unexcused failure to submit a paper in a seminar or course for which a student is registered and from which the student has not withdrawn.

4.5  The due date for papers submitted in courses or seminars is the date set by the instructor, but in no event may the due date be set by the instructor be later than the last day of the regularly scheduled examination period of the semester in which the course or seminar is offered. If the due date for a paper is set before the last day of the regularly scheduled examination period, the instructor, in the instructor's sole discretion, may extend the due date until the last day of the examination period. After the last day of the examination period, the instructor, in consultation with the Dean, may further extend the due date for a paper in a seminar or course for a reasonable period of time only if the student demonstrates serious and compelling reasons justifying the further delay in submitting the paper. Ordinarily, this extension should not exceed a period of two weeks. During the period of an excused delay in submitting a paper, a grade of "I" will be entered as the student's grade in the course or seminar.